With tensions running high in Bristol, in the wake of the death of George Floyd and protests about the statue having started around a century ago, the world’s press was focussed on the trial. After toppling the statue, protesters had placed their knees on Colston’s neck, mimicking the death of Floyd.
Art & Antiques Appraisals were instructed to prepare ‘before and after’ illustrated expert witness reports and valuations for the statue itself and a separate one for the plinth (total approaching 5,000 words).
There were many factors to consider: The statue was created by John Cassidy in 1895, almost two centuries after Colston died [Cassidy’s sculptures have proved far from fashionable when they have come to the market: his rather smaller bronze sculpture of the Italian father-and-son slavers – John & Sebastian Cabot, who sailed from Bristol and are often credited with the discovery of America, made only £2,810 (hammer price equivalent) when offered at auction in America in 2018]. Colston himself was deeply unpopular too [despite that, had we been valuing the wonderful (now carefully guarded) Bristol sculptural memorial of him, created soon after his death, by perhaps the greatest sculptor of his time - John Michael Rysbrack (1694-1770), the valuation would still have been many hundreds-of-thousands of pounds].
Historian David Olusoga [Professor of public history at the University of Manchester, writer and BBC collaborator with Mary Beard] summed up many peoples thoughts when he said “This time last year it was a mediocre piece of late-Victorian public art, that said almost nothing truthful or of interest about Bristol, or Edward Colston… Now I think it’s the most important artefact you could select in Britain, if you wanted to tell the story of Britain’s tortuous relationship with its role in the Atlantic slave trade.”
When considering what it was worth after being toppled and painted with heart-felt graffiti, there were again many factors to consider: In recent years, interest in the subject of controversial art has come to the fore, with the exhibition over nine rooms at Tate Britain – Art Under Attack, which dealt with toppled statues and, among others, the Whitney Museum of American Art’s show An Incomplete History of Protest. Meanwhile, Banksy has made Bristol the European home of graffiti art, the market for which has been stratospheric and Afro-Latino American artist Jean- Michael Basquiat’s graffiti based work is in great demand, the highest price for a work by him at auction is £85,572,568. There are many examples of the market rewarding oppressed artwork, among them the work by the German Expressionists, which is hugely enhanced and only slightly more recently, the cold-war protest art by Colin Self which, on the rare occasions that original works come to the market, is valued much more highly than his Pop Art for which he is much better known.
Ultimately, we valued the statue itself at below £10,000, not that much more than its scrap value (the vacant plinth, with its original adornments, was considerably more). After the events of 7th June 2020, we valued it (unrestored) at in excess of £200,000.
We were anxious that publicity surrounding our valuations might encourage widespread defacing of sculptures, but happily, whilst there is far too much protest in this way, the perpetrators have not used an increase in value as a motivation, or for that matter a defence.
There is little doubt that this case, which was fascinating to be involved with, will be studied by law students for decades to come. The distinguished lead defence barrister Blinne Ni Ghralaigh, has moved on and is currently prosecuting Israel for genocide in the International Court of Justice.
There has been much comment in the press and on the internet, much of it ill-thought-out. One of the more considered reflections is this video: The Colston Four | Full Documentary
In the light of the result of the Colston Four trial, the Government has now published its guidance on how to deal with requests for removal of statues. This link is to the Museums Association’s summary of the mixed reaction to the guidance: Government finally publishes 'retain and explain' guidance - Museums Association.
Images: Historic England / Sky News / Art & Antiques Appraisals